Psicólogas(os) no sistema educacional de Boa Vista/Roraima: concepções, práticas e desafios / Psychologists in the educational system of Boa Vista/Roraima: conceptions, practices and challenges / Psicólogas(os) en el sistema educativo de Boa Vista/Roraima: concepciones, prácticas y retos

O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a atuação de psicólogas(os) no campo da educação básica. Tivemos como objetivo investigar as práticas de atuação e os desafios enfrentados pelas(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação em Boa Vista (RR), com intuito de conhecer a inserção desses profissionais no sistema educacional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Escolar Crítica. Realizamos o processo de levantamento dos dados entre os meses de março e abril de 2018, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas e transcritas. Encontramos 21 psicólogas e um psicólogo trabalhando em instituições educacionais e de ensino na cidade; a maioria atuava na educação básica; metade dos entrevistados ingressou por concurso público e a outra metade era contratada e comissionada; poucos(as) foram contratados(as) como psicólogos(as) escolares. Para a análise, selecionamos dez psicólogas(os) com mais tempo no cargo. Quanto às práticas de atuação, identificamos que 60% atuavam na modalidade clínica e 40% na modalidade clínica e institucional. Como desafios, encontramos melhoria das condições de trabalho; estabelecimento de relações hierárquicas e a dificuldade de fazer compreender as especificidades desse campo de trabalho; necessidade na melhoria das condições para formação continuada; atuação da(o) psicóloga(o) escolar enquanto ação institucional. Diante do exposto, compreendemos ser necessária uma mudança de paradigma na atuação das(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação na região, e a apropriação das discussões da área, principalmente, aquelas apresentadas pela Psicologia Escolar Crítica, vez que esta contribui para uma atuação que leve em conta os determinantes sociais, políticos, culturais e pedagógicos que constituem o processo de escolarização.(AU)

This work has as object of study the role of psychologists in the field of Basic Education. We aimed to investigate practices and challenges faced by psychologists who work in education in Boa Vista/RR, to know the insertion of these professionals in the educational system. This is a qualitative research, guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of Critical School Psychology. The data collection process was carried out between March and April 2018, with semi-structured, audio-recorded, and transcribed interviews. We found 21 female psychologists and one male psychologist working in educational institutions in the municipality; most worked in Basic Education; half of the interviewees had applied to work as government employee and the other half were hired and commissioned; few were hired as school psychologists. To carry out the analysis, we selected ten psychologists with more time in the position. Regarding the practices, we have identified that 60% worked in the clinical modality and 40% in the clinical and institutional modality. As challenges, we find the improvement in working conditions; the establishment of hierarchical relationships and the difficulty of making the specificities of this field of work understood; the need to improve conditions for continuing education; the practice of the school psychologist as institutional action. In view of the above, we understand that a paradigm shift in the performance of psychologists working in education in that region is necessary, and the appropriation of discussions in the area, especially those presented by Critical School Psychology, contributes to an action that considers social, political, cultural, and pedagogical determinants that constitute the schooling process.(AU)

Este trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la actuación profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) en la educación básica. Su objetivo es investigar las prácticas y retos que enfrentan las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación en Boa Vista, en Roraima (Brasil), con la intención de conocer la inserción de estos profesionales en el sistema educativo. Esta es una investigación cualitativa que se guía por el marco teórico-metodológico de la Psicología Escolar Crítica. Se recopilaron los datos entre los meses de marzo y abril de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en audio y después transcritas. Las 21 psicólogas y un psicólogo trabajan en instituciones educativas de la ciudad; la mayoría trabajaba en la educación básica; la mitad de los entrevistados ingresaron mediante concurso público y la otra mitad era contratada y de puesto comisionado; pocos fueron contratados como psicólogos escolares. Para el análisis, se seleccionaron diez psicólogas(os) con más tiempo en el cargo. Con respecto a las prácticas, el 60% trabajaba en la modalidad clínica; y el 40%, en la modalidad clínica e institucional. Los retos son mejora de las condiciones laborales; establecimiento de relaciones jerárquicas y dificultad para comprender las especificidades de este campo de trabajo; necesidad de mejorar las condiciones para la educación continua; y actuación dela (del) psicóloga(o) escolar como acción institucional. En vista de lo anterior, es necesario el cambio de paradigma en la práctica profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación de la región y la apropiación de las discusiones del área, especialmente las presentadas por la Psicología Escolar Crítica, que contribuye a una acción que tiene en cuenta los determinantes sociales, políticos, culturales y pedagógicos que constituyen el proceso de escolarización.(AU)

Percepções de familiares sobre uma rede de cuidados de saúde mental infantojuvenil / Family perceptions about a children's mental health network / Percepciones familiares sobre una red de atención de salud mental infantojuvenil

Este artigo pretende conhecer como a rede de cuidados em saúde tem se operacionalizado a partir da percepção de familiares de crianças com demanda de cuidado em saúde mental (SM). Foram realizados dois grupos focais, um com familiares da Atenção Básica (AB) e outro com familiares do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Seguiu-se com a análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente, com o auxílio do software R Interface, a fim de análises multidimensionais de textos e questionários (IRaMuTeQ), resultando em cinco classes: A Pílula Mágica; Forças e Fraquezas dos serviços; Procurando por ajuda; Aceitando o diagnóstico da criança e Onde procurei ajuda. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades presentes na AB em identificar e manejar situações de Saúde Mental Infantojuvenil (SMIJ), por meio de uma lógica ainda medicalizante. Ressalta-se que a escola é apresentada como lugar de destaque na produção da demanda por cuidado e a família ainda é pouco convocada à construção das ações. Conclui-se, então, que avanços ainda são necessários para operacionalização de um cuidado pautado nas diretrizes da política de SMIJ.(AU)

This article aims to know how the healthcare network has been operationalized from the perception of family members of children with demand for mental health care (MH). Two focus groups were held, one with family members from Primary Care (PC) and the other with family members from the Child Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij), totaling 15 participants. A lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type was performed with the help of the software R Interface for multidimensional analyzes of texts and questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), resulting in five classes: The Magic Pill; Strengths and Weaknesses of services; Looking for help; Accepting the child's diagnosis; and Where did I look for help. The results point to difficulties present in PC in identifying and managing situations of mental health in children and adolescents (MHCA), with a medicalization logic. Note that the school is presented as a prominent place in producing the demand for care, and the family is still not very much involved in the actions. It is, thus, concluded that advances are still needed for operationalization of care guided by MHCA policy guidelines.(AU)

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo conocer cómo opera una red asistencial a partir de la percepción de familiares de niños con demanda de atención en salud mental (SM). Se realizaron dos grupos focales, uno con familiares de Atención Primaria (AP) y otro con familiares del Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Se realizó análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), lo que resultó en cinco clases: "La píldora mágica"; "Fortalezas y debilidades de los servicios"; "En busca de ayuda"; "Aceptar el diagnóstico del niño" y "¿Dónde busqué ayuda?". Los resultados apuntan las dificultades presentes en AP para identificar y manejar situaciones de salud mental infantojuvenil (SMIJ) mediante una lógica aún medicalizante. La escuela tiene un lugar destacado en la producción de la demanda de cuidados y la familia aún no está muy involucrada en la construcción de acciones. Se concluye que se necesitan avances para ofertar una atención guiada por lineamientos de la política del SMIJ.(AU)

Effects of stimulus presentation order during auditory-visual conditional discrimination training for children with autism spectrum disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder are typically taught conditional discriminations using a match-to-sample arrangement. Consideration should be given to the temporal order in which antecedent stimuli (the sample and comparison stimuli) are presented during match-to-sample trials, as various arrangements have been used in the extant literature. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of four stimulus presentation orders on the acquisition of auditory-visual conditional discriminations. The study included participants from a clinically relevant population (three children with autism spectrum disorder), employed clinically relevant teaching procedures, and included two presentation formats not included in previous comparison evaluations (simultaneous and sample-first with re-presentation conditions). Results were found to be learner-specific; that is, a different stimulus presentation format was most efficient for each participant. We provide suggestions to evaluate stimulus control topographies and enhance experimental control in match-to-sample arrangements.

Psychoeducational assessment of students with intellectual disability: professional-action framework analysis.

BACKGROUND: The right to educational inclusion for students with intellectual disability (SWID) requires the development of good assessment and intervention practices from holistic perspectives not exclusively focused on the academic limitations that SWID may present. These practices are settled in Spain, via regulations drawn up by each Autonomous Community (AC). The variety of existing regulations demands a critical review of the decisions taken to promote the inclusion of those students. METHOD: current regulations-in-force in each AC that regulate attention to diversity (AD) have been were analyzed by using a checklist that includes the variables that defining each stage of the AD process and the ways of providing supports that favor the development, learning and participation of SWID. RESULTS: attention to diversity measures in each AC emphasize organizational and curricular issues, with no AC following holistic approaches in both assessment and intervention, but rather neglecting self-determination and the promotion of quality of life for SWID. CONCLUSIONS: guidelines for the development of new legal frameworks and professional practices based on the latest evidence-based models of attention to SWID and on the results are discussed.

A preliminary investigation of a school-based musical theater intervention program for children with intellectual disabilities.

The presence of an intellectual disability may cause a child to have significant deficits in social skills and emotion regulation abilities across development. A vital next step is to find interventions that can be delivered in the school environment and across disability categories that target socioemotional factors. The current study investigated the feasibility of delivering a school-based musical theater program to students with intellectual disability across a range of school settings. A within-group repeated-measures design was used to analyze pre- and post-video recordings of the intervention program, which were coded for six domains of socioemotional ability across all participants ( n = 47). Results showed that significant gains across all domains were observed. However, these gains related to school- and individual-level student factors, such as grade level, severity of disability, and baseline social skill ability.

The effectiveness of the computerized visual perceptual training program on individuals with Down syndrome: An fMRI study.

This study investigated the effectiveness of the Computerized Visual Perception Training (CVPT) program on individuals with Down syndrome (DS, mean age=13.17±4.35years, age range: 6.54-20.75 years). All participants have mild intellectual disability classified by the standard IQ measures (mean=61.2, ranges from 55 to 68). Both the Test of Visual Perceptual Skill- Third Edition (TVPS-3) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to evaluate the training outcomes. Results of TVPS-3 and fMRI showed that DS group had visual perceptual deficits and abnormal neural networks related to visual organization. The results showed that DS intervention group had significant improvements on TVPS-3 after intervention. The fMRI results indicated more activation in superior and inferior parietal lobes (spatial manipulation), as well as precentral gyrus and dorsal premotor cortex (motor imagery) in DS intervention group. The CVPT program was effective in improving visual perceptual functions and enhancing associated cortical activations in DS.

InSPAL: A Novel Immersive Virtual Learning Programme.

In this paper we introduce The Interactive Sensory Program for Affective Learning (InSPAL) a pioneering virtual learning programme designed for the severely intellectually disabled (SID) students, who are having cognitive deficiencies and other sensory-motor handicaps, and thus need more help and attention in overcoming their learning difficulties. Through combining and integrating interactive media and virtual reality technology with the principles of art therapy and relevant pedagogical techniques, InSPAL aims to strengthen SID students' pre-learning abilities, promote their self-awareness, decrease behavioral interferences with learning as well as social interaction, enhance their communication and thus promote their quality of life. Results of our study show that students who went through our programme were more focused, and the ability to do things more independently increased by 15%. Moreover, 50% of the students showed a marked improvement in the ability to raise their hands in response, thus increasing their communication skills. The use of therapeutic interventions enabled a better control to the body, mind and emotions, resulting a greater performance and better participation.

Aportes desde la bioética para la incluision de niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales en la escuela común a través de musicoterapia / Contributions from bioethics for the inclusion of children with special educational needs in mainstream schools through music therapy

La tesis reflexiona sobre los aportes de la musicoterapia en la inclusión de niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE) en la escolaridad común. Tomando como punto de partida su reconocimiento como sujetos éticos, históricos, políticos, culturales e integrantes de una comunidad - y no solo como personas a la que hay que rehabilitar - este estudio documental y exploratorio integra fuentes bibliográficas y categorías pertenecientes a los campos de la bioética, la educación y la musicoterapia. La exploración de las potencialidades de la musicoterapia dentro del sistema educativo formal promueve reflexiones éticas y nuevos interrogantes sobre los límites y posibilidades de la acción escolar vinculando los principios bioéticos con el pleno ejercicio de los derechos consagrados en la Ley Nacional de Educación. Dentro de un marco de justicia distributiva, se presenta la musicoterapia como un recurso que puede optimizar los procesos de inclusión de personas con NEE pasando del cumplimiento del principio de la no maleficencia al de la beneficencia. A la luz de categorías provenientes del campo educativo, como la noción de educabilidad vinculada a la atención de la diversidad y el uso pleno de los derechos, se revisan los paradigmas que subyacen en los procesos de inclusión/exclusión de NEE. Luego de ofrecer un esquema conceptual referencial y operativo para incorporar la musicoterapia al ámbito educativo, se presenta el Caso Matías, un relato sistemático que permite integrar las particularidades y propiedades de la Musicoterapia y sus aspectos convergentes con la Bioética, en sentido inductivo y deductivo

ABSTRACT: This thesis shows how music therapy helps in the inclusion of boys and girls with special needs in the educational area, we have to recognize them as ethic, historical, political and cultural human been which integrates a community and not just see them as people who we need to rehabilitate. This documental study integrates the bioethics, education and music therapy resources. The exploration of how the music therapy has the potential to get into the formal educational system, and propose new question about limits and possibilities to get into the school vinculating the bioethics principles knowing the existence of the rights which are in the National Education Law. The musical therapy is a resource inside the distributive justice, can be used as an inclusive process for people with special educational needs, using the fulfillment of the non maleficence to the beneficence. With the categories of the educational area like educability notion, bonding to the attention of diversity and the use of rights, we check the paradigms that are in the process of inclusion/exclusion. After offering a conceptual, referential and operative scheme to incorporate the musical therapy to the educational system we present Matia’s case, a systematic report which help us to integrate the properties and particularities of the musical therapy convergent with the bioethics, in a sense of induction and deduction

The Beech Brook Group Therapy Assessment tool: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Assessment is a critical component of therapeutic intervention as it serves as the basis from which clinical goals and objectives are derived. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of reliable group therapy assessment instruments, especially for children and preadolescents who have severe emotional disturbances. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test reliability of a newly developed group therapy assessment instrument for use with children who have serious emotional disturbances that require placement in a residential or partial hospitalization treatment program. METHODS: After conducting an extensive literature review, the authors developed, refined, and tested a group therapy assessment tool for use in both music therapy and traditional therapy, measuring nine items: attention to task (physical and verbal), eye contact, pro-social skills (physical and verbal), empathy (physical and verbal), and managing negative affect (physical and verbal). Six participants with a mean age of 9.5 (SD = 1.85) years were randomly selected to test the group therapy assessment tool from a pool of 60 eligible children receiving group partial hospitalization therapy. Participants were scored by three raters across two partial hospitalization therapy groups for inter-rater reliability. Content and construct validity were also examined. RESULTS: Intraclass Coefficients (ICC) averaged 0.994 across all nine items indicating excellent inter-rater reliability. Content and construct validity was established and the instrument demonstrated good external validity potential. CONCLUSIONS: The Beech Brook Therapy Assessment Instrument has demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability in measuring important behaviors of functioning central in the treatment of youth with severe and emotional disturbances. The measure has potential for wide utility and application in practice and research; however, future studies are needed to establish external validity.

Catequesis para jóvenes con síndrome de Down: Una experiencia / No disponible

Hace unos años los niños con síndrome de Down no accedían a los sacramentos de la iniciación cristiana porque no habían alcanzado los requisitos mínimos que señala la Iglesia para recibirlos. En la actualidad, gracias a buenos programas y a mejor atención educativa, la mayoría de los niños reciben la Primera Comunión. Sin embargo sus aprendizajes son mínimos y la mayoría no han continuado la catequesis. Como consecuencia van creciendo con gran desconocimiento y muy poca o ninguna vida de piedad. Si en el resto de sus vidas hay programas y actividades que les ayudan a progresar y madurar de un modo impensable hace unos años ¿cómo no se pone el mismo interés para que maduren y progresen en su vida interior, sobrenatural, cristiana? Presentamos el inicio de un programa de formación cuyos objetivos son que conozcan más y mejor el contenido esencial de la fe cristiana, de modo que ellos también puedan aplicarla a su propia vida personal: para ser mejores, para ayudar a los demás, para ser más felices (AU)

No disponible

Participation and environmental aspects in education and the ICF and the ICF-CY: findings from a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: This paper presents findings from a systematic review of the literature related to participation and the ICF/ICF-CY in educational research. OBJECTIVES: To analyse how and investigate the application of participation in educational research. Specifically, how participation is related to the environmental dimensions availability, accessibility, affordability, accommodability and acceptability. METHODS: A systematic literature review using database keyword searches and refinement protocols using inclusion and exclusion criteria at abstract, full-text and extraction. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-one initial works were found. Twenty-three met the inclusion criteria. Availability and accommodations are the most investigated dimensions. Operationalization of participation is not always consistent with definitions used. CONCLUSION: Research is developing a holistic approach to investigating participation as, although all papers reference at least one environmental dimension, only four of the 11 empirical works reviewed present a fully balanced approach when theorizing and operationalizing participation; hopefully this balanced approach will continue and influence educational policy and school practice.

Intellectual disability and spiritual development.

Linking the concepts of intellectual disability and spiritual development creates a challenging mixture of sociological and theological issues. Formal definitions of the concepts can be less than conclusive but it remains a fundamental issue to consider if there may be some minimal level of intellectual competence below which it is not feasible to anticipate a spiritual awareness. This issue is particularly challenging in the context of those with a profound level of intellectual disability. The acknowledgement of an inner spiritual state, which some call soul, is pivotal to addressing this challenge. It is then proposed that through reference to the language of symbols, to the openness of a child-like mindset, and to the influence of close personal relationships, spiritual awareness may be stimulated and developed.

The effect of a music therapy social skills training program on improving social competence in children and adolescents with social skills deficits.

Three separate studies were conducted in school, residential and after-school care settings to test the effectiveness of a music therapy-based social skills intervention program on improving social competence in children and adolescents. A total of 45 children (n = 12; n = 13; n = 20) aged 6-17 years with social skills deficits participated in a group-based five session intervention program. The same curriculum, adapted to be age appropriate, was used at all 3 sites. Specific deficits within the social skills areas of peer relations and self-management skills were targeted. Active interventions like music performance, movement to music and improvisation were used. Cognitive-behavioral techniques like modeling, feedback, transfer training and problem solving were also incorporated. Data on social functioning were collected before, during, and after the music therapy intervention from participants, appropriate adult personnel and via behavioral observations. Results indicated that significant improvements in social functioning were found in (a) school participant pre and post self-ratings, (b) researcher pre and post ratings of school participants, (c) case manager's pre and post treatment ratings for the residential participants, (d) after-school care participants' pre and post self-ratings, and (e) behavioral observations at all three settings. Additional changes, although not significant, were noted in teacher ratings, residential participant self- and peer ratings, and after-school case manager ratings. Results from these studies suggest that the music therapy intervention was effective in improving social competence in children and adolescents with social deficits. More research is warranted to provide additional guidance about the use of music therapy interventions to improve social functioning.

Intervención centrada en el reconocimiento de pródromos: problemática observada desde un CRPS / No disponible

El objetivo del presente artículo es, en un primer lugar, llevar a cabo una revisión acerca de la evolución que han tenido hasta nuestros días tanto los programas de psicoeducación como los métodos de abordaje centrados en el reconocimiento y manejo de pródromos en personas con un diagnóstico de psicosis y trastorno bipolar. Posteriormente se ponen de manifiesto algunas dificultades encontradas durante la puesta en práctica de un programa psicoeducativo centrado en el reconocimiento y manejo de pródromos en el centro de rehabilitación psicosocial de Aranjuez, así como las estrategias usadas para tratar de solventar éstas. Por último se detallan y tratan de responder algunas cuestiones que surgen durante la aplicación del programa psicoeducativo y la elaboración de este trabajo (AU)

The aim of the present article is in a first place carry out a review about the evolution that have had until our days so much the psychoeducative programs and the methods of intervention centered in the recognition and handle of prodromes in people with a diagnose of psychosis and bipolar disorder. Subsequently we put of manifest some difficulties found during the put in practice of a psychoeducative program centered in the recognition and handle of prodromes in the CRPS of Aranjuez and the strategies used to treat to solve these. Finally we detail and treat to answer some questions that arise during the application of the psychoeducative program and the elaboration of this work (AU)

Outcomes of anti-bullying intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Although existing research is scarce, evidence suggests that children and adults with intellectual disabilities may be at increased risk of being bullied (as they are for maltreatment generally) and possibly more likely than those without disabilities to also engage in bullying behavior. Despite significant clinical interest in bullying, we could find no published research on the outcomes of bullying intervention for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Adults with intellectual disabilities in three work center settings participated in one of two interventions for perpetrators and/or victims of bullying: (a) psychoeducational intervention with a cognitive behavioral orientation (n=20), or (b) the same intervention but with additional involvement of community stakeholders such as parents, the police, and local schools (n=22). A third work center (n=18) acted as a waiting list control comparison. Pre-intervention, 43% of participants reported that they had been bullied within the preceding three months and 28% identified themselves as having bullied others. Reports of being bullied decreased significantly within the two intervention groups over time but not in the control group. There were no differences between the two intervention groups, and no statistically significant reduction in self-reported bullying behavior. Initial data on this intervention suggest that its effects might be clinically meaningful with an associated Numbers Needed to Treat for reduction in exposure to bullying of 5.55.

Effects of different variations of mental and physical practice on sport skill learning in adolescents with mental retardation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of five variations of imagery and physical practice on learning of Basketball free throws in adolescents with mental retardation (AWMR). Forty AWMR were randomly assigned to five groups and performed a variation of practice: physical practice, mental practice, physical practice followed by mental practice, mental practice followed by physical practice, and no practice. The groups exercised the task for 24 sessions. Following training, posttest and retention test were taken. All variations of practice resulted in performance improvement, yet the mental practice followed by physical practice resulted in better improvement. The results suggest that mental practice associated with physical practice results in an outstanding performance improvement in AWMR.

Psicofamilia: experiencia terapéutica en la atención de jóvenes y adultos con diagnóstico de retraso mental y sus familiares / Psycho family: an experience on the care of young and adults with Mental Retard and their relatives

Este trabajo expone una estrategia psicoterapéutica para atender a familiares de jóvenes con discapacidad, los cuales fueron capaces de asumir a partir de su nacimiento una atención diferenciada hacia sus hijos o familiar inmediato, desde sus raíces y costumbres heredadas, con un predominio de conductas disfuncionales que obstaculizan la evolución de los mismos. De ahí la importancia de este trabajo que tiene como intensión fundamental la de transformar estas conductas y obtener una mayor rehabilitación física - mental, así como medir sus resultados. Se determinaron variables estructurales, evolutivas y funcionales cuya evaluación reveló cambios sustanciales expresados en el crecimiento psicológico de la familia en función de la aceptación y adecuado manejo de la discapacidad posibilitando la integración activa como seres sociales con las mismas oportunidades y derechos que cualquier ciudadano(AU)

This work is about a psychotherapeutic strategy to help those relatives (of young people suffering mental retard) that assumed a differentiated care including dysfunctional behaviors that hinder the development of these young people. This fact is the importance of this paper with the objectives of transforming these behaviors, to obtain a greater physical and mental rehabilitation and to value the results. Functional, progressive and structural variables were determined and they revealed significant psychological changes in the family respect to how to manage the disability of mental retardation of their relatives allowing them to participate actively as social citizens(AU)

Cancer information needs of people with intellectual disability: a review of the literature.

The lifespan of people with an intellectual disability has increased significantly in recent years; however, this has resulted in a rising incidence of age-related illnesses including cancer. The World Health Organisation has expressed concern as evidence suggests prevalence rates for cancer are increasing for this group. The needs of people with a cancer diagnosis and an intellectual disability are beginning to be highlighted; however, there appears to be a substantial dearth of services including appropriate cancer information. This presents alarming obstacles and barriers to high-quality cancer care impacting on treatment, management and overall survival rates for this client group. Furthermore, a number of policy and research reports directed at the health needs of people with an intellectual disability have continually highlighted the need for accessible information and effective communication. Having access to cancer information should be considered a crucial part of providing optimum holistic care for this client group. Cancer professionals should assess the unique information needs of people with an intellectual disability as mainstream information does not meet their requirements. Furthermore, health professionals working in intellectual disability settings must also address their knowledge and information deficits in this regard. This paper presents a review of the literature with a specific focus on the cancer information needs of people with an intellectual disability.

Further evaluation of methods to identify matched stimulation.

The effects of preferred stimulation on the vocal stereotypy of 2 individuals were evaluated in two experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that (a) the vocal stereotypy of both participants persisted in the absence of social consequences, (b) 1 participant manipulated toys that did and did not produce auditory stimulation, but only sound-producing toys decreased his vocal stereotypy, and (c) only noncontingent music decreased vocal stereotypy for the other participant, but sterotypy paradoxically increased when toys were presented with music. Using a three-component multiple schedule, the results of Experiment 2 showed that the vocal stereotypy of both participants remained below preintervention levels following the removal of auditory stimulation and that 1 participant's vocal stereotypy increased following the removal of contingent reprimands. These patterns suggest that auditory stimulation functioned as an abolishing operation for vocal stereotypy and reprimands functioned as an establishing operation for vocal stereotypy. Together, the two experiments provide a method for identifying alternative stimulation that may substitute for automatically reinforced behavior.

En pos de la regeneración nacional: instituciones y biotipología en Argentina (1900-1940) / After the national regeneration: institutions and biotype in Argentina (1900-1940)

Examina el establecimiento de instrumentos de recolección estadística de la situación física y psíquica de los escolares y las propuestas concretas enmarcadas en el establecimiento de instituciones como las escuelas y colonias de niños débiles. Incorpora una visión histórica y problemática donde se analizan los sujetos, la inteervención institucional y las modificaciones de educadores, médicos y otros profesionales para solucionar la "degeneración racial" de la población, abordando especialmente el Territorio Nacional de la Pampa, como ejemplo de análisis que puede sin embargo generalizarse a otros espacios similares en Argentina.(AU)